EVALUATION OF HEAVY METALS, SOME ORGANIC AND MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS IN THE EFFLUENTS FROM SOME FOOD INDUSTRIES IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals and other contaminants in the effluents from some food industries in Anambra State. Effluents from Life Breweries, Onitsha; KP beverages, Ogidi; Obisco beverages, Ogidi; Golden Vegetable Oil, Onitsha and Resource Improvement and Manufacturing Company (RIMCO Nnewi) in Anambra State were sampled for a period of eight months – four months rainy season and four months dry season – for comparison; and analyzed for levels of heavy metals pollution using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Physico-chemical parameters, microbiological and organic pollutants loads of the effluents were also determined using standard analytical methods. Results obtained were compared with the Federal Ministry of Environment Industrial Effluent Limit (FMEnv) to determine the level of conformity of these industries with this standard. Result of the mean concentrations of the heavy metals were generally above the allowable industrial effluent limit. It was discovered that the total mean level of the heavy metals were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season in almost all the food industries studied. The mean concentrations of mercury in the dry season were in the decreasing order of 3.783 + 0.860mg/l (Savana) > 3.182 + 0.497mg/l (Obisco) > 2.865 + 0.497mg/l (Golden) > 2.724 + 0.497mg/l (KP) > 2.655 + 0.497mg/l (Life) > 0.878 + 0.497mg/l (RIMCO) respectively compared to the rainy season levels of 1.985 + 0.860mg/l (Savana) > 1.935 + 0.497mg/l (Golden) > 1.874 + 0.497mg/l (Obisco) > 1.638 + 0.497mg/l (Life) > 1.564 + 0.497mg/l (RIMCO) > 1.252 + 0.497mg/l (KP) respectively. Two sample paired t – test showed that there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the levels of Pb, Cr, As, Cd, and Zn in both seasons except for Hg and Fe which were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the dry season than in the rainy season in all the effluent samples. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean concentrations of Hg, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Zn among the effluent samples except arsenic levels which showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among the different effluents studied. Apart from pH and hardness levels (which failed to meet the FMEnv effluent limit), other physico-chemical parameters of the effluents were either within or below the allowable industrial effluent limit. Again, two sample paired ttest showed that pH, TS, TDS and TSS were highly significant (P < 0.05) between rainy and dry seasons. Though pH and TSS were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season, TS and TDS were higher in the rainy season. Nevertheless, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that there were significant difference (P < 0.05) in the mean concentrations of pH, TS and TDS among the different samples but TSS was not significant. Alkalinity, hardness, chloride and nitrate levels were not significant (P > 0.05) between rainy and dry season though there was significant difference (P < 0.05) in the levels of chloride and nitrates among the different industries studied. The most probable number (MPN/100ml) index of organisms were highest in the effluents from Golden oil in the dry season (35MPN/100ml) followed by Savana (33MPN/100ml) in the rainy season, though these were below the 500MPN/100ml recommended by FMENV, in industrial effluents. Organisms isolated were Enterobacter aerogens, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli. Organic pollutants indentified in the effluents were mainly toluene compounds, 3, 5 – di – ter – butylphenol, hexa decanoic acid, Di – n – octylphthalate and 2 – methylnaphthalene among others. The pollution index values for mercury, zinc, lead, iron, arsenic, chromium and cadium showed significant degree of pollution by these heavy metals. Pollution potential of the effluents studied ranged in the order: Savana effluent > Life breweries effluent > Obisco effluent > Golden effluent > KP effluent > RIMCO effluent respectively
Related Project Materials
ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA UTILIZATION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN NORTHWEST NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
The study assessed the relationship between social media utilization and academic achievement of undergraduate students in north...
THE ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARDS TEACHING IN THE RURAL AREAS
ABSTRACT
There have been a lot of controversy and misunderstanding over this issue of posting and transfer of teacher. Most often,...
THE IMPACT OF INTEREST RATE ON OTHER SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES IN NIGERIA (1970-2010)
ABSTRACT
This study was embarked upon with a view to determining the impact of interest rate on other selected macroeconomic variables in...
THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT POLICY ON THE GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESS
Abstract
In this study the definition of small-scale industries was fully illustrated, which is...
EFFECTS OF PROJECT-BASED APPROACH ON ACQUISITION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS, RETENTION AND PERFORMANCE IN BIOLOGY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the Effect of Project-based Approach on Acquisition of Entrepreneurial Skills, Retention and Performance...
EFFECT OF CASHLESS POLICY ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The recent evolution of technology for financial transactions poses interesting questions for po...
EFFECTS OF DELINQUENCY AMONG STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
Abstract
This study analyzed the causes and effects of delinquency among students in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State. The sp...
THE TRENDS IN STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN JUNIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND BASIC SCIENCE
ABSTRACT
The trend of students’ performance can positively change through a gradual process of using an up...
ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL LOAD OF PUBLIC PHONES AND MOBILE DEVICES USED BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Background to the study
Our daily lives involve the use of mobile phones. It is now a commonly used technology in today's society. Mo...
PORT PRIVATIZATION, EFFICIENCY AND COMPETITIVENESS
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to examine port privatization, efficiency and competitiveness using...
